Journal: European Journal of Medical Research

Article Title: Mechanism of ultrasound-guided renal parenchymal injection of MSCs for the treatment of chronic kidney disease: down-regulated SGK1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03724-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: The therapeutic effects of MSCs in CKD. A Images of H&E staining (scale bar = 100 μm), Masson staining (scale bar = 100 μm), and TEM observation (scale bar = 2 μm) of renal tissue from the Control group, CKD group, and Treatment group, as well as bar charts of the tubular damage score and degree of renal interstitial fibrosis. (B-D) HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and MSCs: Western blotting detection of fibronectin, α- SMA, Col3a1, Col1a1, Col1a2, E-cadherin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Human umbilical cord MSCs (MEISEN, CTCC-159-HUM), human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 (MEISEN, CTCC-001-0044) and human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells (ATCC, CRL-2190) were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, 11,965–092) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 10,099–141) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco, 15,140-122).

Techniques: Staining, Control, Western Blot

Journal: European Journal of Medical Research

Article Title: Mechanism of ultrasound-guided renal parenchymal injection of MSCs for the treatment of chronic kidney disease: down-regulated SGK1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03724-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bioinformatics analysis and Western blot confirm that SGK1 is a downstream target gene for MSCs in the treatment of renal fibrosis. A Correlation analysis revealed the values of 9 samples. B Volcano plot showing the DEGs in the CKD models relative to the controls, with red dots representing significantly upregulated genes and blue dots indicating downregulated genes. C , D GO enrichment analysis of these DEGs was performed to identify enriched molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. E Heatmap showing the DEGs asscociated with immune modulation. F Western blotting detection of the protein levels of SGK1, LTB4R2, SH2D1B, and MAP3K6 in rat renal tissues from the Control group, CKD group, and Treatment group. G Western blotting detection of the protein levels of SGK1, LTB4R2, SH2D1B, and MAP3K6 in HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1 and MSCs. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Human umbilical cord MSCs (MEISEN, CTCC-159-HUM), human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 (MEISEN, CTCC-001-0044) and human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells (ATCC, CRL-2190) were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, 11,965–092) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 10,099–141) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco, 15,140-122).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control

Journal: European Journal of Medical Research

Article Title: Mechanism of ultrasound-guided renal parenchymal injection of MSCs for the treatment of chronic kidney disease: down-regulated SGK1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03724-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: MSCs downregulated SGK1 and inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway. A Top 20 pathways between the controls and CKD models enriched by KEGG. B Enrichment analysis of circular KEGG pathway. C , D Macrophages co-cultured with MSCs (Co-culture) or nothing (Control), and the SGK1 expression level was detected using western blotting and cell immunofluorescence techniques. E , F HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: Model (treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 12 h), Co-culture (treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 and MSCs for 12 h), Co-culture + OE-NC (transfected with blank overexpression vectors and treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 and MSCs for 12 h), Co-culture + OE-SGK1 (transfected with SGK1 overexpression vectors and treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 and MSCs for 12 h): The protein levels of SGK1 and NF-κB (phospho S536) detected by western blotting assay. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Human umbilical cord MSCs (MEISEN, CTCC-159-HUM), human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 (MEISEN, CTCC-001-0044) and human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells (ATCC, CRL-2190) were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, 11,965–092) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 10,099–141) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco, 15,140-122).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Co-Culture Assay, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Transfection, Over Expression

Journal: European Journal of Medical Research

Article Title: Mechanism of ultrasound-guided renal parenchymal injection of MSCs for the treatment of chronic kidney disease: down-regulated SGK1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03724-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: MSCs suppress macrophage M2 polarization and fibrosis in HK-2 cells by inhibiting the SGK1-NF-κB axis. (A-B) Macrophages or SGK1-overexpressing macrophages were co-cultured with MSCs in the presence or absence of the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7085. A Western blot analysis of NF-κB (phospho S536) and SGK1 expression in macrophages. B Flow cytometry analysis of the proportions of CD86 + CD11b + (M1) and CD206 + CD11b + (M2) macrophages. C Supernatants from the aforementioned macrophages were co-cultured with a TGF-β-induced HK-2 cell model. Western blot was used to detect expression of the fibrosis markers α-SMA, fibronectin, and Col3a1. ns p > 0.05, ** p < 0.01,*** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Human umbilical cord MSCs (MEISEN, CTCC-159-HUM), human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 (MEISEN, CTCC-001-0044) and human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells (ATCC, CRL-2190) were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, 11,965–092) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 10,099–141) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco, 15,140-122).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry